Dynamic channel state information reporting adjustment on primary and secondary paths

ABSTRACT

Systems and methods are provided for dynamically changing a channel state information (CSI) reporting protocol by adjusting CSI reporting frequency for a wireless device communicating with an access node within a wireless network. The methods and systems identify a power headroom (PHR) value at a particular wireless device and adjust the CSI reporting frequency when the PHR satisfies a predetermined threshold. The method changes the CSI reporting frequency for the wireless device to enable more frequent CSI reporting over a primary path to the access node to facilitate reallocation of resources.

TECHNICAL BACKGROUND

A wireless network, such as a cellular network, can include an accessnode (e.g., base station) serving multiple wireless devices or userequipment (UE) in a geographical area covered by a radio frequencytransmission provided by the access node. As technology has evolved,different carriers within the cellular network may utilize differenttypes of radio access technologies (RATs). RATs can include, forexample, 3G RATs (e.g., GSM, CDMA etc.), 4G RATs (e.g., WiMax, LTE,etc.), and 5G RATs (new radio (NR)). Further, different types of accessnodes may be implemented for deployment for the various RATs. Forexample, an eNodeB may be utilized for 4G RATs and a gNodeB may beutilized for 5G RATs. Deployment of the evolving RATs in a networkprovides numerous benefits. For example, newer RATs may provideadditional resources to subscribers, faster communications speeds, andother advantages.

To ensure consistent coverage through a wide geographic range, existingtechnologies such as 4G can be used in combination with newertechnologies such as 5GNR. In an E-UTRAN New Radio-Dual Connectivity(EN-DC) configuration, wireless devices connect to an LTE eNodeB and 5GgNodeB. One node may act as a master node and the other as a secondarynode. Thus, EN-DC allows devices to access both LTE and 5Gsimultaneously. In an EN-DC cell, more uplink noise or high receivedsignal strength indicator (RSSI) may exist because 5G UEs are connectingto both the LTE node and 5G node. Access to high data speeds is improvedif a high signal to interference and noise ratio (SINR) is present.

In an EN-DC network with multiple channel allocations for a wirelessdevice, the wireless device utilizes a primary path and a secondarypath. The identification of the primary path and the secondary path isbased on the total volume of data transmitted. The path over which thelarger percentage of data is transmitted is the primary path and thepath over which the smaller percentage of data is transmitted is thesecondary path.

In cases in which a wireless device is transmitting a large amount ofdata at a high power, the wireless device may experience power headroom(PHR) issues. PHR indicates how much transmission power remains for awireless device or UE in addition to the power being used by currenttransmission. A wireless access point may use PHR measurement reports todetermine how much uplink bandwidth a UE can use in a specific subframebefore coaxing out the transmission power limit. As the UE uses moreresource blocks, more transmission power is used and a lower amount ofPHR is available.

In cases of high noise and low PHR, quality of service (QOS) of awireless device is likely to be negatively impacted. In order to avoidprolonged decreases in QOS or other performance parameters, wirelessdevices send channel status information (CSI) reports to an access nodein the network. The CSI report tells the access node how good or bad achannel is at a specific time. The CSI report may contain for example, achannel quality indicator (CQI), a precoding matrix index (PMI), and arank indicator (RI), CSI-RS Resource Indicator (CRI), SS/PBCH ResourceBlock Indicator (SSBRI), and layer indicator (LI) as well as othermeasurements. Often, the wireless devices report in a periodic oraperiodic manner configured by a higher layer. For example, thereporting protocol may be configured through a setting at the eNodeB orgNodeB.

In response to CSI reports, a network entity can attempt to properlyperform modulation coding scheme (MCS) assignment and allocate andschedule resources for each of the wireless devices to positively impactperformance. The network entity considers the number of number ofresource blocks and MCS for each CQI value to properly allocate theresources for each of the wireless devices.

Under certain undesirable conditions, the wireless devices may have aneed for increased frequency of reporting to the network entity in orderto benefit from resource reallocation. Accordingly, a system is neededthat will dynamically alter the stored reporting protocol by adjustingreporting frequency for adversely impacted wireless devices. Further, asystem is needed that considers secondary and primary data paths whenaltering the reporting protocol. Further, there is a need for systemsand methods that can improve overall resource utilization and improveperformance within a wireless network.

OVERVIEW

Exemplary embodiments described herein include systems, methods, andprocessing nodes for dynamically adjusting a CSI reporting protocol fora wireless device communicating with an access node within an EN-DCwireless network. An exemplary method for dynamically adjusting the CSIreporting protocol for a wireless device operating in an EN-DC networkincludes identifying a power headroom value for the wireless device,comparing the power headroom value to a predetermined threshold, andadjusting the CSI reporting protocol for the wireless device on aprimary path when the power headroom value satisfies the predeterminedthreshold by increasing a CSI reporting frequency on the primary path.Exemplary embodiments further include reducing the CSI reportingfrequency for the wireless device on a secondary path.

Additional exemplary embodiments include a processing node configured toperform multiple operations. The operations include identifying aprimary path and a secondary path for a wireless device in a network.The operations further include identifying a power headroom value forthe wireless device and comparing the power headroom value to apredetermined threshold. The operations additionally include adjusting aCSI reporting protocol for the wireless device on the primary path whenthe power headroom value satisfies the predetermined threshold byincreasing a CSI reporting frequency on the primary path. Exemplaryembodiments may additionally include reducing CSI reporting frequencyfor the wireless device on the secondary path.

Exemplary embodiments further include a system for dynamically adjustingthe CSI reporting protocol for a wireless device operating in an EN-DCnetwork. The system includes a processing node and a processor coupledto the processing node configured to perform multiple operations. Theoperations include identifying a power headroom value for the wirelessdevice, comparing the power headroom value to a predetermined threshold,and adjusting the CSI reporting protocol for the wireless device on aprimary path when the power headroom value satisfies the predeterminedthreshold by increasing a CSI reporting frequency on the primary path.Embodiments additionally include reducing CSI reporting frequency to theaccess node for the wireless device on a secondary path.

BRIEF DESCRIPTION OF THE DRAWINGS

FIG. 1 depicts an exemplary system for wireless communication, inaccordance with the disclosed embodiments.

FIG. 2 illustrates an exemplary configuration of an access node inaccordance with disclosed embodiments.

FIG. 3 depicts a processing node in accordance with disclosedembodiments.

FIG. 4 depicts a method for dynamically adjusting a CSI reportingprotocol in accordance with the disclosed embodiments.

FIG. 5 depicts an exemplary method for dynamically adjusting a CSIreporting protocol on both primary and secondary paths.

FIG. 6 depicts another exemplary method for dynamically adjusting a CSIreporting protocol for high performance devices on primary and secondarypaths.

DETAILED DESCRIPTION

Exemplary embodiments described herein include systems, methods, andprocessing nodes for dynamically adjusting a CSI reporting protocol.Embodiments operate in networks utilizing a 5G NR technology.Embodiments further encompass networks utilizing an EN-DC architecture,which allows devices to access both LTE and 5G simultaneously on thesame spectrum band. Other network configurations are within scope of thedisclosure.

In embodiments disclosed herein, a cell or wireless network may beprovided by an access node. The access node may utilize one or moreantennas to communicate with wireless devices or UEs. Performance at aparticular wireless device may be dependent on a number of factorsincluding, for example, PHR values of wireless devices and noise withina cell or a sector. PHR and SINR may be periodically reported by thewireless devices over a communication network to an access node.Additional signal performance parameters may be reported, including, forexample, received signal strength indicator (RSSI), channel qualityindicator (CQI), and rank index (RI).

Wireless devices may send CSI reports to the access node so that theaccess node can respond by scheduling resources, reconfiguring MCSassignment, allocating quadrature amplitude modulation (QAM) or takingother appropriate action to improve performance. CSI reporting can beconfigured as periodic or aperiodic at the access node. Embodimentsproposed herein dynamically alter the static setting at the access nodesuch that a periodic setting may become aperiodic or the frequency of aperiodic setting may be changed. Because a low PHR can lead to poorperformance, embodiments provided herein monitor the PHR and dynamicallyadjust CSI reporting frequency so that the access node can scheduleresources and/or take other appropriate actions more frequently when PHRis low.

Some embodiments disclosed herein are particularly directed todynamically adjusting CSI reporting for 5G EN-DC cells. Because 5G UEsare connecting to both an eNodeB and a gNodeB, the eNodeB experienceshigher than normal levels of interference on the uplink because of thegreater number of connected UEs. While dynamic adjustment of CSIreporting parameters aims to improve wireless device performance, theprocess of dynamic adjustment consumes resources such as physicalresource blocks (PRBs) and also creates noise. The noise and theresources consumed by the process can be balanced with UE performancerequired. Thus, in order to avoid excessive consumption of resources andexcessive noise, the dynamic adjustment process may be implemented onlyfor UEs requiring high performance. Relay nodes are an example of UEsrequiring high performance. Accordingly, embodiments disclosed hereindetermine if a UE requires high performance, for example by determiningif the UE is capable of functioning as a relay node before implementingthe dynamic adjustment process. In other embodiments, in addition torelay nodes, 5G capable UEs may be evaluated as requiring a high levelof performance. UEs running certain applications may also indicate thata high level of performance is required.

Additional measures for reducing PRB consumption and noise whileimproving wireless device performance may include considering primaryand secondary paths before dynamically adjusting CSI frequency. Wirelessdevices utilizing the EN-DC configuration may communicate over both aprimary path and a secondary path. More data is transferred over theprimary path than over the secondary path. In embodiments disclosedherein, the primary path may be over a first RAT, e.g, a 5G RAT, and thesecondary path may be over a second RAT, e.g, a 4G RAT. Embodimentsdisclosed herein dynamically adjust the CSI reporting frequency for thewireless device over the primary path when the PHR satisfies aparticular threshold. For example, if the PHR is low, reportingfrequency over the primary path may be increased as reallocation ofresources may become necessary in order to maintain a sufficiently highperformance level. Further, to reduce noise, CSI reporting frequencyover the secondary path may be reduced as reallocation of resources overthe secondary path is likely not necessary to maintain adequateperformance and a reduction in CSI reporting frequency reduces noise.Alternatively, for a given wireless device, the CSI reporting frequencyover the secondary path may remain unchanged and the CSI reportingfrequency over the primary path may be dynamically increased.

In exemplary embodiments, a processor or processing node associated withan access node may determine available PHR, compare PHR to apredetermined threshold and dynamically adjust the CSI reportingprotocol for one or more wireless devices when the reported PHRsatisfies the predetermined threshold. Accordingly, a solution asdescribed herein alters the reporting protocol by increasing the CSIreporting frequency over the primary path, thereby enabling morefrequent resource scheduling or other response by the processor orprocessing node based on the PHR to improve performance for one or morewireless devices. Embodiments disclosed herein further determine anexisting CSI reporting periodicity for the wireless devices. If thereporting periodicity can be increased over the primary path, the systemdynamically instructs the wireless device to increase its CSI reportingperiodicity when signal performance parameters meet a predeterminedthreshold.

As explained above, while the increased CSI reporting frequency canresult in improved performance, the increased CSI reporting frequencyalso results in increased consumption of resource blocks and excessivenoise. Therefore, in accordance with embodiments disclosed herein,methods and systems both dynamically increase CSI reporting frequency ona primary path and dynamically decrease the CSI reporting frequency onthe secondary path when the PHR for the wireless device satisfies thepredetermined threshold.

Further, in embodiments disclosed herein, methods performed herein areperformed only for wireless devices requiring high performance. Further,embodiments disclosed herein are performed only when both PHR and SINRsatisfy predetermined thresholds. Once the system determines that theCSI reporting frequency can and should be changed, in embodimentsdisclosed herein, the system instructs the wireless device to changereporting frequency using a radio resource control (RRC) reconfigurationmessage.

The term “wireless device” refers to any wireless device included in awireless network. For example, the term “wireless device” may include arelay node, which may communicate with an access node. The term“wireless device” may also include an end-user wireless device, whichmay communicate with the access node through the relay node. The term“wireless device” may further include an end-user wireless device thatcommunicates with the access node directly without being relayed by arelay node.

The terms “transmit” and “transmission” in data communication may alsoencompass receive and receiving data. For example, “data transmissionrate” may refer to a rate at which the data is transmitted by a wirelessdevice and/or a rate at which the data is received by the wirelessdevice.

An exemplary system described herein includes at least an access node(or base station), such as an eNodeB, a next generation NodeB (gNodeB),and a plurality of end-user wireless devices. For illustrative purposesand simplicity, the disclosed technology will be illustrated anddiscussed as being implemented in the communications between an accessnode (e.g., a base station) and a wireless device (e.g., an end-userwireless device). It is understood that the disclosed technology for mayalso be applied to communication between an end-user wireless device andother network resources, such as relay nodes, controller nodes,antennas, etc. Further, multiple access nodes may be utilized. Forexample, some wireless devices may communicate with an LTE eNodeB andothers may communicate with an NR gNodeB.

In addition to the systems and methods described herein, the operationsfor dynamically adjusting the CSI reporting protocol may be implementedas computer-readable instructions or methods, and processing nodes onthe network for executing the instructions or methods. The processingnode may include a processor included in the access node or a processorincluded in any controller node in the wireless network that is coupledto the access node.

FIG. 1 depicts an exemplary system for wireless communication. System100 may be a wireless communication network, such as a cellular network.System 100 may include a communication network 101, a gateway 102, acontroller node 104, and one or more access nodes 110. One or moreend-user wireless devices may be directly connected to access node 110,such as end-user wireless devices 130 a, 130 b, 140, 150, 160 a, and 160b.

In this exemplary embodiment, access node 110 may be a macrocell accessnode configured to deploy at least two different carriers, each of whichutilizes a different RAT. For example, a first carrier may be deployedby access node 110 in an LTE mode, and a second carrier may be deployedby access node 110 in an NR mode. Thus, in an embodiment, access node110 may comprise two co-located cells, or antenna/transceivercombinations that are mounted on the same structure. In someembodiments, multiple access nodes 110 may be deployed and each accessnode 110 may support a different RAT. For example, a gNodeB may supportNR and an eNodeB may provide LTE coverage.

In embodiments disclosed herein, wireless devices may utilize one RAT asa primary path and another as a secondary path. The primary path may beused to transmit a larger quantity of data than the secondary path. Thecarriers may further utilize different frequency bands or sub-bands andadditionally may be deployed using different types of multiplexingmodes. In other embodiments, any other combination of access nodes andcarriers deployed therefrom may be evident to those having ordinaryskill in the art in light of this disclosure.

Wireless devices 130 a, 130 b, 140, 150, 160 a, and 160 b areillustrated as being in communication with access node 110 over varioustypes of communication links. Each of the end-user wireless devices 130a, 130 b, 140, 150, 160 a, and 160 b may be attached to the wireless airinterface deployed by access node 110. Wireless links 135 and 165, aswell as other wireless links that directly couple end-user wirelessdevices 140 a, 140 b, 140 c, and 140 d with access node 110, as shown inFIG. 1 , form the wireless network (or wireless radio air interface)deployed by access node 110 within coverage area 115.

In disclosed embodiments, wireless devices 130 a and 130 b areillustrated as being in communication with access node 110 using a firstRAT, which may provide, for example an NR communications link 135. TheNR communication link 135 may comprise any communication channel thatutilizes air-interface resources of an NR carrier deployed by accessnode 110. Wireless devices 160 a and 160 b may be in communication withthe access node 110 over a second RAT, which may be for example, an LTEcommunications link 165 provided by any LTE carrier connected to theaccess node 110. Further, wireless devices 140 and 150 are illustratedas being in communication with access node 110 over communication links145 and 155 respectively. The communication links 145 and 155 utilize acarrier aggregation operating mode, i.e. they utilize wireless airinterface resources from more than one carrier. For example,communication link 145 may utilize air-interface resources of at leastone carrier utilizing the first RAT and at least another carrier,including any alternative carrier that in accordance with embodimentsdisclosed herein is using a second RAT and is connected with the accessnode 110. In embodiments a primary path may utilize an NR carrier and asecondary path may utilize an LTE carrier. Other configurations arewithin scope of the disclosure.

Access node 110 may be any network node configured to providecommunication between end-user wireless devices 130 a, 130 b, 140, 150,160 a, and 160 b and communication network 101, including standardaccess nodes such as a macro-cell access node, a base transceiverstation, a radio base station, an eNodeB device, an enhanced eNodeBdevice, a next generation NodeB (or gNodeB) in 5G New Radio (“5G NR”),or the like. For example, access node 110 may implement 5G NRtechnologies to deploy a wireless network that supports frequency bandsranging from, e.g., 600 MHz to 100 GHz. In some embodiments, access node110 may deploy a wireless network that supports frequency bands rangingfrom 3 GHz to 100 GHz. In some embodiments, access node 110 may deploy awireless network that supports multiple frequency bands selected from 3GHz to 100 GHz. In an exemplary embodiment, a macro-cell access node 110may have a coverage area 115 in the range of approximately fivekilometers to thirty-five kilometers and an output power in the tens ofwatts. In an embodiment, access node 110 may comprise two co-locatedcells, or antenna/transceiver combinations that are mounted on the samestructure. Alternatively, access node 110 may comprise a short range,low power, small-cell access node such as a microcell access node, apicocell access node, a femtocell access node, or a home eNodeB device.

In other embodiments, any other combination of access nodes and carriersdeployed therefrom may be evident to those having ordinary skill in theart in light of this disclosure.

Access node 110 can comprise a processor and associated circuitry toexecute or direct the execution of computer-readable instructions toperform operations such as those further described herein. Briefly,access node 110 can retrieve and execute software from storage, whichcan include a disk drive, a flash drive, memory circuitry, or some othermemory device, and which can be local or remotely accessible. Thesoftware comprises computer programs, firmware, or some other form ofmachine-readable instructions, and may include an operating system,utilities, drivers, network interfaces, applications, or some other typeof software, including combinations thereof. Further, access node 110can receive instructions and other input at a user interface. Accessnode 110 communicates with gateway node 102 and controller node 104 viacommunication link 106. Access node 110 may communicate with otheraccess nodes (not shown), using a wireless link or a wired link such asan X2 link. Components of exemplary access nodes 110 are furtherdescribed with reference to FIG. 2 .

Wireless devices 130 a, 130 b, 140, 150, 160 a and 160 b may be anydevice, system, combination of devices, or other such communicationplatform capable of communicating wirelessly with access node 110 usingone or more frequency bands and wireless carriers deployed therefrom.Each of wireless devices 130 a, 130 b, 140, 150, 160 a, 160 b may be,for example, a mobile phone, a wireless phone, a wireless modem, apersonal digital assistant (PDA), a voice over internet protocol (VoIP)phone, a voice over packet (VOP) phone, or a soft phone, as well asother types of devices or systems that can send and receive audio ordata. The wireless devices may be or include high power wireless devicesor standard power wireless devices. Other types of communicationplatforms are possible.

Communication network 101 may be a wired and/or wireless communicationnetwork. Communication network 101 may include processing nodes,routers, gateways, and physical and/or wireless data links forcommunicating signals among various network elements. Communicationnetwork 101 may include one or more of a local area network, a wide areanetwork, and an internetwork (including the Internet). Communicationnetwork 101 may be capable of communicating signals and carrying data,for example, to support voice, push-to-talk, broadcast video, and datacommunications by end-user wireless devices 130 a, 130 b, 140, 150, 160a, and 160 b. Wireless network protocols may include one or more ofMultimedia Broadcast Multicast Services (MBMS), code division multipleaccess (CDMA) 1xRTT (radio transmission technology), Global System forMobile communications (GSM), Universal Mobile Telecommunications System(UMTS), High-Speed Packet Access (HSPA), Evolution Data Optimized(EV-DO), EV-DO rev. A, Worldwide Interoperability for Microwave Access(WiMAX), Third Generation Partnership Project Long Term Evolution (3GPPLTE), Fourth Generation broadband cellular (4G, LTE Advanced, etc.), andFifth Generation mobile networks or wireless systems (5G, 5G New Radio(“5G NR”), or 5G LTE). Wired network protocols utilized by communicationnetwork 101 may include one or more of Ethernet, Fast Ethernet, GigabitEthernet, Local Talk (such as Carrier Sense Multiple Access withCollision Avoidance), Token Ring, Fiber Distributed Data Interface(FDDI), and Asynchronous Transfer Mode (ATM). Communication network 101may include additional base stations, controller nodes, telephonyswitches, internet routers, network gateways, computer systems,communication links, or other type of communication equipment, andcombinations thereof. The wireless network provided by access node 110may support any of the above-mentioned network protocols.

Communication link 106 may use various communication media, such as air,laser, metal, optical fiber, or other signal propagation path, includingcombinations thereof. Communication link 106 may be wired or wirelessand may use various communication protocols such as Internet, Internetprotocol (IP), local-area network (LAN), optical networking, hybridfiber coax (HFC), telephony, T1, or other communication format,including combinations, improvements, or variations thereof. Wirelesscommunication links may be a radio frequency, microwave, infrared, orother signal, and may use a suitable communication protocol, forexample, Global System for Mobile telecommunications (GSM), CodeDivision Multiple Access (CDMA), Worldwide Interoperability forMicrowave Access (WiMAX), Long Term Evolution (LTE), 5G NR, orcombinations thereof. In some embodiments, communication link 106 mayinclude S1 communication links. Other wireless protocols may also beused. Communication link 106 may be a direct link or may include variousintermediate components, systems, and networks. Communication link 106may enable different signals to share the same link.

Gateway 102 may be a network node configured to interface with othernetwork nodes using various protocols. Gateway 102 may communicate data(e.g., data related to a user) over system 100. Gateway 102 may be astandalone computing device, computing system, or network component, andmay be accessible, for example, by a wired or wireless connection, orthrough an indirect connection such as through a computer network orcommunication network. For example, gateway 102 may include a servinggateway (SGW) and/or a public data network gateway (PGW), etc. One ofordinary skill in the art would recognize that gateway 102 is notlimited to any specific technology architecture, such as Long TermEvolution (LTE) or 5G NR and may be used with any network architectureand/or protocol.

Gateway 102 may include a processor and associated hardware circuitryconfigured to execute or direct the execution of computer-readableinstructions to obtain information. Gateway 102 may retrieve and executesoftware from a storage device, which may include a disk drive, a flashdrive, or a memory circuitry or device, and which may be local orremotely accessible. The software may include computer programs,firmware, or other form of machine-readable instructions, and mayinclude an operating system, utilities, drivers, network interfaces,applications, or other type of software, including combinations thereof.Gateway 102 may receive instructions and other input at a userinterface.

Controller node 104 may be a network node configured to communicateinformation and/or control information over system 100. For example,controller node 104 may be configured to transmit control informationassociated with a handover procedure. Controller node 104 may be astandalone computing device, computing system, or network component, andmay be accessible, for example, by a wired or wireless connection, orthrough an indirect connection such as through a computer network orcommunication network. For example, controller node 104 may include oneor more of a mobility management entity (MME), a Home Subscriber Server(HSS), a Policy Control and Charging Rules Function (PCRF), anauthentication, authorization, and accounting (AAA) node, a rightsmanagement server (RMS), a subscriber provisioning server (SPS), apolicy server, etc. The controller node 104 may further operate as anelement management system that controls access nodes in the network 101.In this instance, the element management system may be operable tomeasure performance metrics and interference within the network 101. Oneof ordinary skill in the art would recognize that controller node 104 isnot limited to any specific technology architecture, such as Long TermEvolution (LTE) or 5G NR and may be used with any network architectureand/or protocol.

Controller node 104 can comprise a processor and associated circuitry toexecute or direct the execution of computer-readable instructions toobtain information. Controller node 104 can retrieve and executesoftware from storage, which can include a disk drive, a flash drive,memory circuitry, or some other memory device, and which can be local orremotely accessible. In an exemplary embodiment, controller node 104includes a database 105 for storing information related to elementswithin system 100, such as types and duplexing methods of carriersdeployed by access node 110, power classes and carrier aggregationcapabilities of wireless devices 130 a, 130 b, 140, 150, 160 a, and 160b associations therebetween. This information may be requested by orshared with access node 110 via communication link 106, X2 connections,and so on. The database 105 may additionally store threshold values,such as for PHR and SINR. The software comprises computer programs,firmware, or some other form of machine-readable instructions, and mayinclude an operating system, utilities, drivers, network interfaces,applications, or some other type of software, and combinations thereof.For example, a processing node within controller node 104 can performthe operations described herein. Further, controller node 104 canreceive instructions and other input at a user interface.

Other network elements may be present in system 100 to facilitatecommunication but are omitted for clarity, such as base stations, basestation controllers, mobile switching centers, dispatch applicationprocessors, and location registers such as a home location register orvisitor location register. Additionally, the nodes may include relaynodes or other nodes requiring high performance. Relay nodes improveservice quality by relaying communication between an access node, andend-user wireless devices in the wireless network. For example, relaynodes may be used at the edge of a coverage area of an access node toimprove coverage and/or service. Relay nodes may also be used in crowdedareas that have a high number of other wireless devices to increase theavailable throughput experienced by the wireless devices being relayed.Relay nodes are generally configured to communicate with the access node(i.e., a “donor” access node) via a wireless backhaul connection. Relaynodes typically deploy a radio air-interface to which end-user wirelessdevices can attach. Donor access nodes generally comprise schedulingmodules that schedule resources used by wireless devices connecteddirectly to the donor access node and also schedule the wirelessbackhaul connections for the various relay nodes connected thereto.Furthermore, other network elements that are omitted for clarity may bepresent to facilitate communication, such as additional processingnodes, routers, gateways, and physical and/or wireless data links forcarrying data among the various network elements, e.g. between accessnode 110 and communication network 101.

The methods, systems, devices, networks, access nodes, and equipmentdescribed herein may be implemented with, contain, or be executed by oneor more computer systems and/or processing nodes. The methods describedabove may also be stored on a non-transitory computer readable medium.Many of the elements of communication system 100 may be, comprise, orinclude computers systems and/or processing nodes, including accessnodes, controller nodes, and gateway nodes described herein.

FIG. 2 depicts an exemplary access node 210. Access node 210 maycomprise, for example, a macro-cell access node, such as access node 110described with reference to FIG. 1 . Access node 210 is illustrated ascomprising a processor 211, memory 212, transceiver 213, antenna 214,and scheduler 217. Processor 211 executes instructions stored on memory212, while transceiver 213 and antenna 214 enable wireless communicationwith other network nodes, such as wireless devices and other nodes. Forexample, access node 210 may be configured to determine whether PHRsatisfies a threshold and to dynamically instruct wireless devices tochange CSI reporting frequency in response to the detection. Scheduler217 may be provided for scheduling resources based on the CSI reports.These features may be enabled by access node 210 comprising twoco-located cells, or antenna/transceiver combinations that are mountedon the same structure. Network 201 may be similar to network 101discussed above. The wireless devices may operate in carrier aggregationmode, during which a wireless device utilizes more than one carrier,enabling the wireless devices to communicate with access node 210 usinga combination of resources from multiple carriers. Further, instructionsstored on memory 212 can include instructions for dynamically adjustingCSI reporting frequency on primary and secondary paths, which will befurther explained below with reference to FIGS. 4-6 .

FIG. 3 depicts an exemplary processing node 300, which may be configuredto perform the methods and operations disclosed herein dynamicallyadjusting a CSI reporting protocol in order to improve performance in awireless network. In some embodiments, processing node 300 may beincluded in an access node, such as access node 110 or 210. In furtherembodiments, processing node 300 may be included in controller node 104and may be configured for controlling the access nodes.

Processing node 300 may be configured for dynamically adjusting the CSIreporting protocol in the network as set forth above. The adjustment ofCSI reporting protocol may be performed dynamically in real time basedon a threshold comparison in a network, such as the network 101.Processing node 300 may include a processing system 305. Processingsystem 305 may include a processor 310 and a storage device 315. Storagedevice 315 may include a disk drive, a flash drive, a memory, or otherstorage device configured to store data and/or computer readableinstructions or codes (e.g., software). The computer executableinstructions or codes maybe accessed and executed by processor 310 toperform various methods disclosed herein. Software stored in storagedevice 315 may include computer programs, firmware, or other form ofmachine-readable instructions, including an operating system, utilities,drivers, network interfaces, applications, or other type of software.For example, software stored in storage device 315 may include a modulefor performing various operations described herein. Processor 310 may bea microprocessor and may include hardware circuitry and/or embeddedcodes configured to retrieve and execute software stored in storagedevice 315.

Processing node 300 may include a communication interface 320 and a userinterface 325. Communication interface 320 may be configured to enablethe processing system 305 to communicate with other components, nodes,or devices in the wireless network. Communication interface 320 mayinclude hardware components, such as network communication ports,devices, routers, wires, antenna, transceivers, etc. User interface 325may be configured to allow a user to provide input to processing node300 and receive data or information from processing node 300. Userinterface 325 may include hardware components, such as touch screens,buttons, displays, speakers, etc. Processing node 300 may furtherinclude other components such as a power management unit, a controlinterface unit, etc.

The disclosed methods for dynamically adjusting the CSI reportingprotocol are discussed further below. FIG. 4 illustrates an exemplarymethod 400 for dynamically adjusting the CSI reporting protocol for awireless device in a network. Method 400 may be performed by anysuitable processor discussed herein, for example, a processor includedin access node 110, 210, or 310, included in processing node 300, or aprocessor included in controller node 104. For discussion purposes, asan example, method 400 is described as being performed by a processorincluded in access node 110.

Method 400 starts in step 410 and the access node 110 may determine aPHR value for a wireless device. In embodiments described herein, theaccess node 110 may determine the PHR value for all wireless devices inthe network, in a sector, or within a particular coverage area. The PHRmay be measured by the wireless devices and may be reported from thewireless devices to the access node 110. In some instances, the PHR maybe measured by the access node and stored in a database.

In step 420, the access node 110 compares the PHR value to apredetermined threshold. For example, a threshold may be selected forPHR based on an expected drop in wireless performance at the thresholdlevel. If PHR meets a certain threshold level, then the expectedperformance for the wireless device may be deemed insufficient. Thethreshold value ma be predetermined and may be stored, for example, inthe database 105.

If the PHR does not satisfy the predetermined threshold in step 430, theaccess node 110 returns to monitoring PHR values in step 410. If the PHRvalue satisfies the threshold in step 430, the access node 110determines if the CSI reporting frequency can be increased on theprimary path in step 440. This determination may include comparing theexisting CSI reporting frequency to a stored maximum CSI reportingfrequency. The existing reporting frequency may be stored in thedatabase 105 or table at the access node. Minimum and maximum reportingfrequencies may also be set at the access node and stored in a database.To determine if the CSI reporting frequency can be increased, the accessnode 110 can compare the existing frequency with the maximum frequencystored in the database. If the CSI reporting frequency on the primarypath can be increased, the access node 110 instructs the wireless deviceto increase the CSI reporting frequency on the primary path in step 450.

The increase in reporting frequency of the wireless device when PHRsatisfies the threshold enables more frequent reallocation of resourcesin order to enhance performance of the wireless device. In order toincrease the reporting frequency, the access node may instruct thewireless device having PHR satisfying the predetermined threshold toincrease its CSI reporting frequency through an RRC reconfigurationmessage or other message directed specifically to the wireless device.Additionally, because the adjustment to the CSI reporting protocoloccurs dynamically, the method can transform a periodic reporting schemeto an aperiodic reporting scheme based on the monitored signalperformance parameters.

FIG. 5 depicts an exemplary method 500 for dynamically adjusting the CSIreporting protocol for wireless devices communicating over a primarypath and a secondary path. Method 500 may be performed by any suitableprocessor discussed herein, for example, a processor included in accessnode 110, or 210, or processor 310 included in processing node 300, or aprocessor included in controller node 104. For discussion purposes, asan example, method 500 is described as being performed by a processorincluded in access node 110.

In step 510, the access node 110 identifies a PHR value for one or morewireless devices. The PHR value may, for example, be received in areport from the wireless device. In step 520, the access node 110compares the PHR value to a predetermined threshold. The threshold maybe predetermined and may be retrieved, for example, for the database105. In step 530, the access node determines if the PHR value satisfiesthe predetermined threshold. If, in step 530, the PHR value does notsatisfy the predetermined threshold, the access node 110 returns tomonitoring in step 510.

If the PHR value does satisfy the predetermined threshold in step 530,the access node 110 determines if the CSI reporting frequency can beincreased on the primary path for the wireless device in step 540. Thedetermination can be made, for example, based on a maximum reportingfrequency stored in the database 105. If the CSI reporting frequencycannot be increased on the primary path in step 540, the access nodereturns to monitoring in step 510. However, if the CSI reportingfrequency can be increased on the primary path in step 540, the accessnode dynamically increases the CSI reporting frequency on the primarypath in step 550. The access node 110 may, for example, send an RRCreconfiguration message to the wireless device instructing the wirelessdevice to increase the reporting frequency.

In step 560, the access node 110 determines if the CSI reportingfrequency can be decreased on the secondary path for the wirelessdevice. This determination can be made, for example, by comparing theexisting CSI reporting frequency to a stored predetermined minimum CSIreporting frequency. The minimum reporting frequency may be stored, forexample, in the database 105.

If the CSI reporting frequency cannot be decreased on the secondary pathin step 560, the access node returns to monitoring in step 510. However,if the CSI reporting frequency can be decreased on the secondary path instep 560, the access node 110 dynamically decreases the CSI reportingfrequency of the wireless device on the secondary path in step 570.

Thus, the method aims to provide dynamic CSI reporting protocoladjustment, particularly in an EN-DC 5G NR cell. Reporting for each pathwould be independent of reporting on the other path and may be based ona PHR report from each wireless device. Typically reporting over theprimary path will become more frequent than reporting over the secondarypath. Thus, for example, a single wireless device may perform CSIreporting every 20 ms on the primary path and every 40 ms on thesecondary path.

FIG. 6 illustrates a method 600 for dynamically adjusting the CSIreporting protocol for a wireless device in a network. Method 600 may beperformed by any suitable processor discussed herein, for example, aprocessor included in access node 110, 210, or processor 310 included inprocessing node 300, or a processor included in controller node 104. Fordiscussion purposes, as an example, method 600 is described as beingperformed by a processor included in access node 110.

In step 610, the access node 110 identifies wireless devices requiringhigh performance. For example, wireless devices running certainapplications or wireless devices functioning as relay nodes may requirehigh performance. The access node performs step 610 in order to avoidperforming the remaining method steps for all wireless device in thenetwork. Due to limited resources and more noise created by increasingreporting frequency, it may be desirable to limit the remaining methodsteps to operate specifically for wireless devices requiring highperformance. The access node 110 may identify the wireless devicesrequiring high performance based on reports sent by the wireless devicesto the access node or based on information stored in a databaseavailable to the access node.

For those devices requiring high performance in step 610 the access nodeidentifies a PHR value and an interference value for the wireless devicein step 620. The interference value may be identified based on SINRreported by the wireless device. In step 630, the access node 110compares the interference value and PHR value to predeterminedthresholds. If the values do not satisfy the thresholds in step 640, theaccess node 110 continues to monitor the values in step 620. If thevalues do satisfy the thresholds in step 640, the access node 110identifies secondary and primary paths for the wireless device in step650 based on the amount of data transmitted over each path. In step 660,the access node 110 increases the CSI reporting frequency for thewireless device on the primary path. The access node may send a messageto the wireless device directing it to report more frequently. Forexample, the access node may direct the wireless device to send a CSIreporting message or updated CSI reporting more frequently thanpreviously. If impacted wireless device had been sending every 40 ms,then the access node 110 may direct the wireless device to increasereporting to every 25 ms or 30 ms. The increased reporting for highperformance UEs such as relays enables the access node to make betterdecisions regarding MCS assignment and QAM allocation, to improveoverall network performance.

In step 670, the access node 110 decreases CSI reporting frequency forthe secondary path. Because of the increased noise created by theincreased reporting frequency on the primary path, the decrease in CSIreporting frequency on the secondary path is advantageous as itdecreases noise and minimizes reporting on the lesser used path whereadditional resource allocation is unnecessary.

While the method of FIG. 4 aims to dynamically increase CSI reportingfrequency on a primary path for a wireless device having low PHR, themethods of FIGS. 5 and 6 also illustrates the process of dynamicallyadjusting the CSI reporting frequency in both directions. Becauseincreased reporting frequency consumes resources it may be desirable tolower the frequency of reporting on the secondary path. Dynamicallydecreasing the reporting frequency will allow effective and efficientdistribution of network resources.

In some embodiments, methods 400, 500, and 600 may include additionalsteps or operations. Furthermore, the methods may include steps shown ineach of the other methods. As one of ordinary skill in the art wouldunderstand, the methods 400, 500, and 600 may be integrated in anyuseful manner.

The exemplary systems and methods described herein may be performedunder the control of a processing system executing computer-readablecodes embodied on a computer-readable recording medium or communicationsignals transmitted through a transitory medium. The computer-readablerecording medium may be any data storage device that can store datareadable by a processing system, and may include both volatile andnonvolatile media, removable and non-removable media, and media readableby a database, a computer, and various other network devices.

Examples of the computer-readable recording medium include, but are notlimited to, read-only memory (ROM), random-access memory (RAM), erasableelectrically programmable ROM (EEPROM), flash memory or other memorytechnology, holographic media or other optical disc storage, magneticstorage including magnetic tape and magnetic disk, and solid statestorage devices. The computer-readable recording medium may also bedistributed over network-coupled computer systems so that thecomputer-readable code is stored and executed in a distributed fashion.The communication signals transmitted through a transitory medium mayinclude, for example, modulated signals transmitted through wired orwireless transmission paths.

The above description and associated figures teach the best mode of theinvention. The following claims specify the scope of the invention. Notethat some aspects of the best mode may not fall within the scope of theinvention as specified by the claims. Those skilled in the art willappreciate that the features described above can be combined in variousways to form multiple variations of the invention. As a result, theinvention is not limited to the specific embodiments described above,but only by the following claims and their equivalents.

What is claimed is:
 1. A method for dynamically adjusting a channelstate information (CSI) reporting protocol for a wireless deviceoperating in an EN-DC network, the method comprising: identifying aprimary path and a secondary path for the wireless device, wherein thewireless device transmits data over both the primary and secondary pathsand a volume of data transmitted over the primary path is greater than avolume of data transmitted over the secondary path, wherein the CSIreporting protocol exists for reporting on the primary path and thesecondary path; identifying a power headroom value for the wirelessdevice; comparing the power headroom value to a predetermined threshold;and adjusting the CSI reporting protocol for the wireless device on theprimary path when the power headroom value satisfies the predeterminedthreshold by increasing a CSI reporting frequency on the primary path,such that the CSI reporting protocol for the wireless device on theprimary path is different from the CSI reporting protocol for thewireless device on the secondary path and CSI reporting for the wirelessdevice occurs periodically on both the primary path and the secondarypath.
 2. The method of claim 1, further comprising reducing the CSIreporting frequency for the wireless device on the secondary path. 3.The method of claim 1, further comprising sending an RRC reconfigurationmessage to the wireless device instructing the wireless device to reportin accordance with the adjusted CSI reporting protocol.
 4. The method ofclaim 1, further comprising determining a SINR value for the wirelessdevice and determining the adjustment to the CSI reporting protocolbased on SINR.
 5. The method of claim 2, wherein more data packets aresent over the primary path than the secondary path.
 6. The method ofclaim 1, wherein the primary path comprises a 5G NR RAT.
 7. The methodof claim 2, wherein the secondary path comprises a 4G LTE RAT.
 8. Themethod of claim 1, further comprising determining if the wireless devicerequires high performance and adjusting the CSI reporting protocol onlywhen the wireless device requires high performance.
 9. A system fordynamically adjusting a channel state information (CSI) reportingprotocol for a wireless device operating in an EN-DC network: aprocessing node; and a processor coupled to the processing nodeconfigured to perform operations comprising: identifying a primary pathand a secondary path for the wireless device, wherein the wirelessdevice transmits data over both the primary and secondary paths and avolume of data transmitted over the primary path is greater than avolume of data transmitted over the secondary path, wherein the CSIreporting protocol exists for reporting on the primary path and thesecondary path; identifying a power headroom value for the wirelessdevice; comparing the power headroom value to a predetermined threshold;and adjusting the CSI reporting protocol for the wireless device on aprimary path when the power headroom value satisfies the predeterminedthreshold by increasing a CSI reporting frequency on the primary path,such that the CSI reporting protocol for the wireless device on theprimary path is different from the CSI reporting protocol for thewireless device on the secondary path and CSI reporting for the wirelessdevice occurs periodically on both the primary path and the secondarypath.
 10. The system of claim 9, further comprising reducing CSIreporting frequency for the wireless device on the secondary path. 11.The system of claim 9, further comprising sending an RRC reconfigurationmessage to the wireless device instructing the wireless device to reportin accordance with the adjusted CSI reporting protocol.
 12. The systemof claim 9, further comprising determining a SINR value for the wirelessdevice and determining the adjustment to the CSI reporting protocolbased on SINR.
 13. The system of claim 10, wherein more data packets aresent over the primary path than the secondary path.
 14. The system ofclaim 9, wherein the primary path comprises a 5G NR RAT.
 15. The systemof claim 14, wherein the secondary path comprises a 4G LTE RAT.
 16. Aprocessing node configured to perform operations comprising: identifyinga primary path and a secondary path for a wireless device in a network,wherein the wireless device transmits data over both the primary andsecondary paths and a volume of data transmitted over the primary pathis greater than a volume of data transmitted over the secondary path,wherein the CSI reporting protocol exists for reporting on the primarypath and the secondary path; identifying a power headroom value for thewireless device; comparing the power headroom value to a predeterminedthreshold; and adjusting a CSI reporting protocol for the wirelessdevice on the primary path when the power headroom value satisfies thepredetermined threshold by increasing a CSI reporting frequency on theprimary path, such that the CSI reporting protocol for the wirelessdevice on the primary path is different from the CSI reporting protocolfor the wireless device on the secondary path and CSI reporting for thewireless device occurs periodically on both the primary path and thesecondary path.
 17. The processing node of claim 16, further performingoperations comprising reducing CSI reporting frequency for the wirelessdevice on the secondary path.
 18. The processing node of claim 16,wherein the network is an EN-DC network.
 19. The processing node ofclaim 16, wherein more data packets are sent over the primary path thanthe secondary path.
 20. The processing node of claim 16, wherein theprimary path comprises a 5G NR RAT and the secondary path comprises a 4GLTE RAT.